Three years have passed since the Hamas-led attack of October 7, 2023. The assault killed about 1,200 people in Israel and changed the Middle East. Here is what has happened since.

The attack began early on October 7, 2023, when Hamas fighters crossed from Gaza into southern Israel. Around 1,200 people were killed and 251 taken hostage, according to Israeli authorities.

Israel launched a massive military campaign in Gaza in response. Gaza's Health Ministry says more than 74,000 Palestinians have been killed. A ceasefire took effect in October 2025.

The war spread across the region. Israel severely weakened Lebanon's Hezbollah, killing its longtime chief Hassan Nasrallah. In June 2025, Israel and the US damaged Iran's nuclear and missile facilities during a 12-day war.

In Syria, the fall of Bashar al-Assad's regime in December 2024 cut Iran's land route for arming its allies. Syria's new government says it wants to avoid confrontation with Israel.

In Gaza, Hamas has been weakened but not eliminated. A Trump-led Board of Peace announced in July that Hamas had agreed to disarm and give up any role in governing Gaza.