Unusual old stars may not need hypernovae after all, study says

Some of the oldest stars in the Milky Way may not owe their origins to hypernovae after all, a new study suggests. The research by Anmol Aggarwal and colleagues, published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, offers a simpler explanation for their strange chemistry.These unusual ancient stars in the galaxy's outer halo contain an unexpected mix of elements. Scientists had thought such chemical fingerprints could only come from hypernovae, stellar explosions with about ten times the energy of ordinary supernovae. But the new work shows the same patterns can arise from lopsided ordinary explosions.The researchers found that supernova debris does not spread evenly through space. One side of a star-forming cloud might get more oxygen, another more nickel, so ordinary explosions can leave unusual signatures. Their models matched the observed element ratios as well as, or better than, hypernova models.The study suggests one such star formed from a neutron star merger combined with a single ordinary supernova, possibly in a small dwarf galaxy later absorbed by the Milky Way. Hypernovae are not ruled out, but they are no longer required to explain these stars.
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