Generative AI could substitute up to 12 per cent of India’s non-farm jobs, according to Goldman Sachs. The estimate highlights the scale of disruption facing the country’s workforce.

Non-farm jobs include roles in services, manufacturing and construction. These sectors employ a large share of India’s working population outside agriculture.

The report adds to a growing body of research on AI’s impact on employment. Economists are debating whether new roles will offset the jobs that automation displaces.

India’s large services sector could face particular pressure. IT and administrative roles are among those most exposed to generative AI tools.

The bank’s analysis is one of several recent attempts to quantify AI’s labour impact in emerging economies. Policymakers are watching these trends closely as reskilling discussions gain urgency.

White-collar and routine cognitive roles face the highest exposure. The bank said policy support and training will be key to managing the transition. India’s young workforce could adapt faster than older labour markets.